Table 1 End processing factors
From: Resolution of complex ends by non-homologous end joining - better to be lucky than good?
| Factor* | Activity |
|---|---|
| APTX | Removes 5′-adenylate adducts [40] |
| PNKP | Removes 3′ phosphates and phosphorylates 5′ hydroxyls [45] |
| APLF | Histone chaperone [59] 3′-5′ exonuclease, endonuclease [56, 61] |
| TDP1 | Removes Top I adducts [63], 3′ deoxyribose fragments [47, 67, 68] |
| TDP2 | Removes Top II adducts [64] |
| XRCC5,XRCC6 (Ku) | Removes 5′-dRP residues and abasic sites [27] |
| POLM (Pol λ) | Fills in gaps when ends align with no complementarity [90] |
| POLL (Pol μ) | Fills in gaps when ends are partly complementary [86, 90] |
| DCLRE1C (Artemis) | Endonuclease, 5′-3′ exonuclease [100] |
| WRN | 3′-5′ exonuclease [121, 122] and 3′-5′ helicase [120] |
| MRE11/RAD50/NBN (MRN) | 3′-5′ exonuclease, endonuclease [101, 129] |
| SETMAR (Metnase) | Endonuclease/exonuclease [103] |